I'm using the thread tool. Blue thread is outer diameter. I made the orange ring's inner diameter the same as the blue's outer diameter, then some wall thickness. Same numbers for the
Guide to Thread Size - Handy Hands
What do the Sizes of Linen Thread Actually Mean? It's Complicated. – Peachey Conservation
Needle and Thread Chart - Primitive Quilts and Projects
Material Metrics - Kevlar Thread
Confused by Thread Sizes? | Yarnspirations
Thread Measurement | SuperiorThreads.com
How to Measure Thread Size (Sewing Thread Guide) | AllFreeSewing.com